ABSTRACT
Geographical indications (GI) are designated by a member's region or regions within a designated area when the particular quality, reputation, or other characteristics of a product are related solely to its geographical origin and manufacturing process. Manufacturing methods are carried out according to an established Code of Good Practices. The aim of the study was to offer an overview of the current status of the literature related to geographical indications in Romania. A comprehensive and systematic literature review was conducted, and the search process was carried out using keywords such as 'Romanian geographical indications' and 'Romanian food labels.' These specific words must be found in the title, in the of the papers, and also in the keywords section. Agricultural and food products with geographical indications (including wine and spirits) are included in the research. Products and food not related to the agricultural environment, along with services, were not included. It was discovered that, in order to improve the situation concerning geographical indications in Romania and raise consumers awareness, it would be necessary to introduce new national certification that could be more accessible to both producers and consumers, and that would promote regional taste and encourage the preservation of culinary traditions.
ABSTRACT
This article aims to identify which European countries have been developed applications as an e-government service to control the COVID-19 pandemic. As a starting point, we use official data from the European Council to map countries that have at some point implemented or developed applications to combat the pandemic. In addition, we have identified the main functionalities and categories of the applications in contact tracking, medical reports, self-diagnosis, health information, exposure detection, quarantine application, route tracking, scientific and educational research. The methodology is based on an exploratory study, providing a qualitative method of analysis. First, we analyse whether applications are available for download on official websites as well as whether they are present on government social networks and, in addition, identifying the origin of applications categorized as government, private or multi-stakeholders. We concluded that 63% of developed applications are in the category of ' contact tracking ', followed by' medical report 'which corresponds to 15%. However, the category 'root tracking' corresponds to only 2% due to the data protection implications of the users. Thus, we found that although most applications had government support in their elaboration, they were not available for download on the official websites, so that, in the context of this investigation, they could not be considered as an e-government tools, and that data protection and privacy has had a negative impact on the development of this kind of solution, which implies the limitation of the applications functionalities. © 2021 ACM.